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He will always (100% chance) pass on the gene that does not function properly to his daughters, because he only has one X chromosome, and he passes that X chromosome to all of his daughters. Men pass only the Y chromosome to their sons. He cannot (0% chance) pass on the gene that does not work correctly to his sons, because it is on his X chromosome.
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The odds of passing down a condition that is X-linked dominant are different depending on whether the mother or father has the gene that does not function properly and on the sex of the child. Conditions caused by X-linked dominance are rare, and the same condition can vary considerably in severity, especially among women. X-linked dominant inheritance occurs when a gene that does not work correctly on a single X-chromosome results in a condition. If a gene for a condition is carried on the sex chromosomes, we say it is “X-linked.” X-linked patterns are not as simple as autosomal patterns, because they show up differently in males and females. A male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Your sex chromosomes carry the genes that make you a male or female. These children have one working copy of the gene and one copy of the gene that does not work correctly.Īutosomal recessive conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, affect males and females equally.
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There is a 1 in 2 chance (50%) of having a child who is a carrier of the condition. These children have two copies of the gene that do not work correctly. There is a 1 in 4 chance (25%) of having a child who is affected by the condition. There is a 1 in 4 chance (25%) of having a child who has two working copies of the gene. If both parents are carriers of a condition: Usually, parents of children with an autosomal recessive condition are carriers. Carriers do not have any signs or symptoms of the condition, but they can still pass on the gene that does not function properly to their children. In this pattern, people with one working copy of the gene and one copy of the gene that does not function correctly are called carriers. There is a 1 in 2 chance (50%) of having a child who is affected by the condition.Īutosomal dominant conditions, such as Huntington’s disease, affect males and females equally.Īutosomal recessive means that a person needs two copies of a gene that do not work properly to have the condition. There is a 1 in 2 chance (50%) of having a child who is unaffected by the condition. If the other parent has two copies of the gene that work correctly: If one parent has an autosomal dominant condition, they have one functional copy of the gene and one copy that does not work properly. Let's see what happens when you have a gene that does not work the way it is supposed to on these chromosomes.Īutosomal dominant means that only one copy of the gene that does not work correctly is needed for someone to have the condition. The rest of your chromosomes are called autosomal chromosomes. Women have two X chromosomes, and men have an X and a Y. Your sex chromosomes carry the genes that make you male or female. One of the pairs is the sex chromosomes, called X and Y.
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Most people have 46 chromosomes, in 23 pairs. Our genes are grouped into collections called chromosomes. Making a family health portrait, as described in How Do I Collect My Family History?, can help to uncover these patterns. These patterns help to explain why a condition can seem to “skip” a generation or be more common in boys than in girls. As you will see, people can carry a gene but not be affected directly by it themselves. Genetic traits can be passed from parent to child in different ways.